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The effect of social contact loss due to COVID-19 pandemic restrctions on physical activity level of the university students
Mišáková, Veronika ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Křivánková, Markéta (referee)
Title: The effect of social contact loss due to COVID 19 pandemic restrictions on physical activity level of the university students. Objectives: The main aim of this work was to examine the evolution of physical activity and contact loss of the university students in Czech republic during the pandemic COVID -19. Methods: Quantitative type of research using the reach technique of the questionnaire, which was made by research team of experts in psychology and sociology from several universities in Czech Republic, under the auspices of the Czech konference of rectors and the council of the universities. The research group consisted 4 426 respondents - active students of czech universities. Results: The physical activity and the social contact have significant influence on quality of life of each person. COVID - 19 pandemic has affected them greatly. Respondents show, that during the pandemic there was a decrease in the regularity of physical activity. The most significat diferences were recorded during the winter semestre 2020/21, when the second wave of the pandemic was taking place. Social contact was limited due to pretective measures in more then 64 % respondents. Keywords: Physical activity, coronavirus, social isolation, mental health
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Social isolation of in-patients problems
GRIMM, Viktor
Abstract The presented diploma thesis explores the social isolation hospital and sanitary facility clients suffer from, raising a live issue to tackle. Research aims and questions: I framed three aims, including defining the needs of socially isolated hospital patients, assessing the impacts of social isolation on the patients, and analysing how to mitigate the feeling of loneliness. The goals involve three research questions: 'What are the needs of socially isolated hospital patients?' 'What are the impacts of social isolation on hospital patients?' and 'How can we mitigate social isolation of hospital patients?'. Research methods and sample: The empirical part involves a qualitative methodology - a semi-structured interview. The research sample comprises probands classified into three groups. They include nurses attending socially isolated patients, patients and their relatives. I addressed 17 probands within one hospital and sanitary facility in South Bohemian Region. The data analysis involved open coding - a paper-pencil survey, splitting the data into three main categories, each containing ten subgroups. Findings: The survey revealed that hospital or sanitary facility patients often feel lonely, unveiling critical psychosocial needs for alleviating these feelings. Nurses and relatives are highly instrumental in showing compassion, while family hospital visits are imperative to prevent social isolation. The findings also indicate that loneliness severely undermines patients' mental health. Contribution to practice: The study may contribute to educating students of health and social care and licensed practical nurses and informing the general public. As the thesis's outcome, I will hold a workshop with nurses to identify and deal with socially isolated patients.
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The Importance of Activation Activities in Retirement Homes for the Elimination of Social Isolation of their Residents
LAMAČOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the importance of activation activities in homes for the elderly and to find out how they are helpful to the elderly and how activation differentiated during the Covid-19 pandemic. The bachelor thesis deals with the process of aging and old age, the changes that accompany this period, adaptation to old age and the move to a home for the elderly. In the following chapters it describes the needs that help to secure the quality life of the elderly. The next part of this work describes social isolation, its causes and consequences, which result in feeling alone and lonely in some individuals. The last chapter of the bachelor thesis is devoted to activation activities in homes for the elderly. Here it describes the importance of the activation activities, their methods and the duties of the activation worker. The final part focuses on activation activities to prevent social isolation during the Covid pandemic - 19.
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Zdravotní a sociální aspekty práce v privátním sexbyznysu
ONDRÁŠEK, Stanislav
Currently, private sex business is a quickly expanding but only hardly accessible part of sex business. Working in sex business in general means a number of severe risks and impacts that the persons providing sexual services have to deal with on a daily basis and that significantly impact their health and social lives. The presented dissertation focuses on selected health and social aspects of working in private sex business. The main objectives of the dissertation were: 1. To analyze if women working in private sex business are socially excluded and if yes then how such exclusion manifests; 2. To analyze the factors impacting continuing doing sex work or entering the legal labor market; 3. Analyze preventive health measures that the target group takes; 4. Finding out to which extent women working in private sex business receive social support from their environment. A partial objective of the dissertation was to analyze the development of private sex services in the South Bohemian Region and in Prague. The objectives were approached by combining qualitative and quantitative research strategies and methodological approaches. The survey was partially conducted as part of the project called " Životní styl žen v privátním sexbyznysu a jejich (sebe)reflexe" [Lifestyle of women in private sex business and their (self)reflection] that was financially supported by the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia under the evidence number GAJU No. 029/2016/S. The qualitative data was collected via interviews in combination with the biographical-narrative technique and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was collected via a questionnaire and using the standardized Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ). The basic sample consisted of female sex workers in the South Bohemian Region and Prague (N=37). The comparative sample for analyzing social support consisted of street sex workers (N=40). The gained results were then processed by using qualitative and statistical analytical methods. The qualitative part of the research shows that private female sex workers are often confronted to a certain degree with social isolation manifested by a distorted or reduced social network. The results also show that in order to prevent sexually transmitted diseases they use protection; however, based on the client or surcharge they do not use protection. The analysis of subjective factors impacting remaining in sex business show that they perceive sex work as a job that gives them freedom. Such freedom is however impacted by rationalization of sex workers. A common identified feature of private female sex workers is a distorted view of legal work due to negative or lacking experience. A subjective and at the same time objective factor is also the financial aspect, in which sex business provides high and fast earnings. The objective factors are education and limited or non-existent practice on the legal labor market. Based on the analysis of quantitative data, the length of being active in sex business is statistically significant to the extent of social support that sex workers receive. There was a statistically significant difference between street sex workers who receive less social support than private sex workers. The dissertation provides insight into the issue of private sex business which is a very seldomly researched topic. The results of the dissertation should not be generalized due to a non-representative research sample but they can be used by organizations working with the target group to specifically provide expert help and intervention. The results also can be used for further research studies in the area of providing sex services/sex business.
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Stigmatization of psychic disorders throughout history and in present cultures
BALOUNOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor thesis deals with the stigmatization of mental disorders in the course of history and today's culture. This is a theoretical work that aims to enlighten, in the first part, how mental disorders were viewed in history and how people were treated. The second part of the thesis deals with today's view of mental disorders in individual cultures and describes the associated stigmatization. The work should shed light on the development of the view of mental disorders and point out the current shortcomings in the consciousness of society.
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Social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic: the perspective of the elderly living alone
Picková, Šárka ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Lejsal, Matěj (referee)
This thesis concerns the problem of social isolation in older adults living alone. It authentically captures the unique experience of older people during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this work is to understand whether older people think their needs changed during the period of Covid-19 pandemic in comparison with the time before it, and moreover to formulate recommendations for field workers providing health and social services, general practitioners and municipalities with extended powers. This thesis is processed by the method of interpretive phenomenological analysis. The theoretical part presents a view of social isolation in older adults, risk factors leading to it and possibilities of prevention through various social institutions. It focuses not only on the period of the Covid-19 pandemic when the risk of social isolation was significantly influenced by the emergency measures against the spread of the diseases but also on the period before its onset. The empirical part presents the issue of social isolation of older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of the adults themselves. The research survey is supplemented with the experience of experts working with the target group of older adults. The real experience of participants in the research survey shows that the...
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Negative impacts of social isolation as an unintended consequence of antiepitemic measures (COVID - 19) in LTC patients
Broftová, Romana ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Jan (referee)
According to available sources, this diploma thesis describes the issue of negative effects of social isolation on patients in the hospital for long term sickness as an unintended consequence of anti-epidemic measures. The work describes the target group of older people, including their needs and possible residential facilities that can be used by them. It also describes the factors that threaten the health of seniors and their prevention, including social isolation and a detailed description of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with statistics and measures that have been ordered to protect more vulnerable people. At the end of the theoretical part, the sociological concept of unintended consequences is described. The empirical part is focused on seniors and older people living in residential facilities, who are at risk of social isolation because of the closure of facilites, due to the epidemic of COVID-19. With emphasis on their own experience of the situation, including the described effects on their health and perception of the whole situation.
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The role of aging and stress in autophagy
Čechová, Kateřina ; Vrajová, Monika (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Autophagy is a nonspecific catabolic mechanism, important for maintaining the cellular homeostasis. Stress condition can increase the activity and support the cell survival. It is well known that normal and pathological aging are associated with a reduced autophagic potential and that experimental induction of autophagy leads to higher longevity of certain model organisms. This decreasing may be facilitated by other factors, such as chronic stress. Higher age and chronic stress are two factors contributing to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, in this context the mechanism of autophagy is now actively studied. We wanted to know if and how the combination of these two factors may influence the activity of autophagy. In our study, we investigated the role of aging and chronic stress, induced by social isolation in Wistar rats at the age of 6 (N= 16) and 12 (N= 16) months. The animals in experimental groups were separated in the individual cages for 4 weeks. Control groups animals were housed in the pair. We measured the markers of autophagy expression (Beclin-1, LC3-II, mTOR) in the hippocampus and striatum of socially isolated and control groups animals. We measured the expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) in the hippocampus of the same animals. Our results showed that older...
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